NO 1. RESEARCH TOPIC AND MATERIALS FOR ALL STUDENTS
Poultry production is one of the fastest growing among livestock industry and has a substantial contribution to food security and nutrition. Poultry industry has become an essential economic fortune in many countries like Nigeria.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
In Nigerian food production has not increased at the rate that can meet the increasing population. While food production increase at the rate of 2.5%, food demand increase at the rate of 3.5% due to the high population growth rate of 2.8% (federal office of statistic, 2010).
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Poultry plays an important economic, nutritional and socio-cultural role in the livelihood of poor rural households in many developing countries, including Nigeria. Poultry are
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Education is the total process of human learning by which knowledge is imparted, faculties trained and skills developed. Education is therefore a process and a product. It is a continuous process of learning which produces a desirable product, it involves receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or University. Education brings about an inherent and permanent change in a person's thinking and capacity to do things. Education is the only cornerstone for any nation and the only potential instrument for social reconstruction.
Mkpa asserts that a teacher is someone who underwent and completed a formal teacher training institution, a planned programme of training among other areas, in the principles and practice of education and was exposed to an observed period of internship either after or as part of the period of training. Teachers therefore have a role to play in the development of a nation, especially in building up leaders and intellectuals of nations who will sustain the nation's development.
Teaching is a profession just like law and medicine and it happens to be one of the oldest profession in Nigeria, unfortunately, it is the least developed in terms of standard of training and practice. This continues to be a source of concern to professionals and even to the governments. Moore (2016).
According to the advanced learners' dictionary (2014) a profession means occupation and special training like law, medicine and so on. Profession can also mean a calling vocation where performance requires the performer on an elaborate exposure to an esoteric theoretical knowledge acquired after many years of endeavors and moral study. A profession can be likened to a social club which is governed by code of ethics, the most outstanding of which are expertise authority, responsibility, commitment, dedication, autonomy and emotional maturity.
The professionals who engage in training the prospective teachers are called the teachers educators. Ipaye (2006) supported this when he referred to teacher education as the process by which prospective teachers are provided the opportunity to develop cognitive perspective, affective disposition and psychomotor competencies that will imbue them with confidence and capacity to teach and carry out other teaching related activities efficiently and effectively.
The National policy of education (2004) the minimum teaching qualification in Nigeria institution of learning is National Certificate in Education (N.C.E). The duration for obtaining NCE is a minimum of three academic sessions (3years) and a maximum of five academic session (5 years). Colleges of education and Universities are charged with the training of teachers under the supervision of lecturers and staff. Faculties of education in universities train teachers who already have the (NCE) qualifications. They also offer Master's and Doctorate degree programmes in education. College of education offer the NCE training programmes, Some more equipped and better staffed college of education also train teachers for the secondary School by offering the Bachelor of Education degree programmes in affiliation with some universities. They equally offer sandwich programmes, run workshops on retooling and updating the knowledge of teachers.
Teaching practice is a compulsory and singular six credit unit course for all students in 300 level final year in Alvan ikoku federal college of education, Owerri, Imo State. No student in the college can be awarded a Nation certificate in Education (N.C.E) until there is evidence of pass performance level in teaching practice. Training of teachers becomes largely the responsibility of Alvan Ikoku Federal College Of Education, students go on 12 to 18 weeks teaching practice for NCE programme and 6 weeks for degree programme so as to apply the theoretical knowledge gained in the classroom situation and come back with varied experience. Students experience challenges in their teaching practice life, hence the need to identify these problems and suggest solutions to them.
Nwanekezi (2011) remarked that teaching practice is the name of the preparation of student teacher for teaching by practical training. Teaching practice according to Ipaye (2002)is like clinical training or industrial experience given to student teachers over a period of time. It can also been seen as proofs when student teachers are aided to put into practice the theories and principles of education which they have learnt in the classroom as they teach (Ogonor and Badmus,2006)
Despite it's importance, Kiggundu and Nayimuli(2009) note that teaching practice sometimes becomes a demoralizing and sometimes a very frightening experience. Studies has also revealed some challenges that bedeviled teaching practice experience for example; Ognor and Badmus (2006)lamented that teachers of partnership schools did not provide specific aid to student teachers to improve their teaching skills and strategies.
Nakpodia (2011) remarked that some supervisors do not even have time to sit down and discuss their observation and comments with the student teacher. The short discussion between the supervisor and the student teacher just after the lesson which should afford the student teacher the opportunity to appreciate his strengths and weaknesses are often ignored because the supervisor is often in a haste to move on the next school.
1.2 Statement of the Problems
Student teachers face some problems during teaching practice due to inadequate of instructional materials, mastering of the subject matter, financial support, methodology, inability to control classroom during the teaching, learner's discipline, over familiarity, lack of accommodation and office facilities for the student teachers, too much of works at time is given to the student- teachers, lack of cooperation from their practicing schools, attitude of the pupils towards the student teachers and difficulty on the part of student teacher to manage his class effectively. The extent to which these problems are being addressed and recommendation made constitute the problem of study. The Researcher will examine the challenges of teaching practice exercise among student teachers
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The main purpose of this study is to examine the challenges facing student teachers during teaching practice exercise in Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education in Imo State. The purposes of this study will include the following:
1. To investigate relationship between environmental challenges faced by student teachers during teaching practice and their performance.
2. To investigate relationship between classroom management challenges facing student-teachers and their performance.
3. To investigate relationship between the challenges faced by student-teachers form their supervisors and their performance.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The following people, organizations and establishment will benefit from the findings of this study. They include Student teachers, lecturer, Colleges of Education and Universities, supervisors of teaching practice, government and future researchers. Student teachers are the main benefactors of the findings in the sense that the study will acquaint them with the challenges of the programme and the role they can play to surmount the challenges. This will help them to be better graduates that are well equipped with what it takes to face the realities of teaching. It will enable our Colleges and Universities to equip their students with the rudiments of teaching before sending them to teaching practice. It will also help to device means of removing the problems and thus modify the programme. The removal of these hindrances will also make for more effective organization and implementation of the programme.
The supervisors of teaching practice and the cooperating school teachers will through the findings acquaint themselves with the best and effective measures to adopt in helping the student teachers to realize or achieve the objectives of teaching practice.
Future researchers will benefit from these findings because the study will be as a reference for their research in the near future. Finally the findings of this study will benefit the general public because education is the key to building a society.
1.5 Scope of the Study
This study focuses on the challenges facing student teachers during teaching practice exercise in Imo State. Due to certain constraints such as time, and finance, this research work was limited to the challenges facing student-teachers during their teaching practice exercise in Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri Imo State, final year student-teachers.
1.6 Research Questions
In order to examine student-teachers’ challenges during teaching practice, the following research questions were formulated:
(I). To what extent does classroom management affect student teachers during teaching practice exercise?
(ii). To what extent does the environmental challenges affect student teachers during teaching practice exercise?
(iii). To what extent does supervision during teaching practice exercise affect student teachers?
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter is concerned with the review of relevant literature on the challenges facing student teachers during their teaching practice exercise and will be discussed under the following subheadings:
2.1 Conceptual Framework
2.1.1 Concept of teaching as a profession
2.1.2 Significance of teacher education in teaching practice
2.1.3 Concept of teaching practice
2.1.4 Teaching practice of conduct
2.1.5 Classroom management challenges facing student-teachers
2.2.6 School environment challenges facing student-teachers
2..2.7 Supervision challenges facing student-teachers
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
As school population increases, class size also increases; the performance of students becomes an issue. According to Dior (2000), class size has
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Business is defined as all commercial and individual activities that provide good and services to maintain and improve people’s quality of life, until recently the concept of small scale business was taking seriously in Nigeria to the fact that most people depended on paid employment after graduating from school.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Science has been defined as a way of investigating about events in nature. Science is also an objective, logical and reputable attempt to understand the principle and forces operating in the natural universe. Aniodoh (2018), viewed science as a body of knowledge arrived at through systematic and procedural processes based on tentative observation and experiment. Science may be viewed as a way of thinking in the pursuit of understanding nature, a way of investigating and a body of established knowledge, science as a product as well as a process. Ambuonu, Opuli and Eze (2015), noted that without science the world today wouldn’t have been what it is. Technological advancement has completely changed the world into a global village with the advancement and the development in communication, agricultures and building etc.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
The falling standard of education especially since the end of the Nigerian civil war, it has been the talk of the day, this have immensely to the poor performance of biology students in secondary schools Most people have not settled down to think of the causes of the poor performance Some lay blames on state schools, others on the moral laxity existing in tour homes
INTRODUCTION
Sexual and reproductive health is an important issue to every stakeholder in the global health sector particularly with regard to the youth and adolescents (Tien, 2006). A number of factors are responsible for the high level of importance attached to adolescents/youth’s sexual and reproductive health. Various authors indicate that adolescent/youth’s sexual and reproductive health for most countries is in bad shape.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
For decades, rapid changes have been taking place in all facets of human life, including office technologies, as a result of technological advancement (Davenport, 2013). Margaret and Pac (2009) state that for an office to run smoothly, facts and accurate information are necessary for quick decision-making, and modern office technologies can help managers be focused and in contact with their co-workers. It can, therefore,
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Geography is a branch of environmental sciences. According to Adekanjo, (2002), Geography plays a vital role in providing knowledge of relevant concepts, environmental and natural phenomena, like; why we have day and night, the reason for rainfall, the ozone layers, avoidance of over exploitation of the natural environment and most importantly, protecting our environment for the future generation.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Good health is the desire of every individual. The attainment of a good health depends on the individual’s ability to live a healthy lifestyle. Good health is difficult to be attained completely as human needs cannot be completely satisfied at any given time.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
It is no longer news that one of the most difficult job in the world today is teaching. The challenges that informs this difficulty are numerous ranging from poor remuneration of teachers, indiscipline among the learners, lack of parental support attitude of the learners towards learning, the challenges posed by English language as a second language, availability and utilization facilities, the ability of the teacher to effectively transmit the needed signal that will bring the expected behavioral change in the learners. These and many more challenges are the factors militating against teaching effectiveness.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Teaching could be seen as a process of inculcating worthwhile knowledge by the teacher into the learner. This is to train the learner so that he or she can stand on his or her foot in the society. In teaching, three aspects are involved; they are the teacher, the learners and the learning materials. Theodore (2014) refers to it as the process of impacting knowledge and skills from a teacher to a learner.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of study
According to (Akwanya, 2010), language has often been identified as the most unique attribute of man and without language, there is no society. Language does not only bring meanings to the world, it also shape one’s cognitive process. Such as perception, interpretation and judgment. Also according to William (1992) he agrees that language embodies the spirit of people who speak it also that grammatical forms have influence on the development of ideas.
